Na+ and K+ ion imbalances in Alzheimer's disease

Imbalances in k-colorations

1. INTRODUCTION The following problem is due to Paul Erdijs tll. Color the edges of a complete graph K on n vertices red and blue. What n is the largest t such that we may always find a complete subgraph in which I# red edges-# blue edges1 Lt? We need a more precise and more general formulation. For any set V, define Vk = {W :, w&V, Iwl = k). (1) Note that V2 is the complete graph generated by ...

Temporary negative-ion states of Na, K, Rb, and Cs.

Magnesium and Alzheimers Disease: The Cholinergic Hypothesis

The cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains the cornerstone for the understanding of chemical signal transfer. Hypofunctions of cholinergic systems are significantly involved in the signs and symptoms of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Cognitive deficits in AD have been widely associated with dysfunction of the cholinergic system. As a diagnostic marker of AD the activity...

Two-step K(+)-Na+ and Ag(+)-Na+ ion-exchanged glass waveguides for C-band applications.

A two-step K(+)-Na+ and Ag(+)-Na+ ion-exchange technique is introduced to fabricate single-mode channel waveguides in BK7 glass for the telecom-wavelength region. The dependencies of insertion loss, polarization-dependent loss (PDL), end bending loss of curved waveguides on channel width, diffusion time, and annealing time are investigated. Results show that postannealing is a required process ...

Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na+ Bound Na+, K+-ATPase

The dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na+, K+ -ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na+ or K+ selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations to determine the protonation scheme of the Na+ bound conforma...